Do not drive with only a small viewing hole through an iced windscreen. The driver needs clear forward and side visibility, while mirrors, lights and identifying plates must remain usable.

Remove loose snow and ice from the roof and body before setting off. Material can slide onto the windscreen under braking or fall towards other road users.

Use a suitable scraper and de-icer rather than hot water, which can stress cold glass and refreeze around seals. Make sure wiper blades are free before operating them.

Swiss legal requirements and penalties can change. Drivers should consult current official road-safety guidance rather than rely on the 2017 legal summary in the original article.